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Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Infectious Disease for October 2018. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.<\/p>\n
Antibiotics, Acid Suppressants in Infancy May Up Obesity Risk<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 31, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Prescription of antibiotics and acid-suppressing medications in early childhood is associated with an increased risk for obesity, according to a study published online Oct. 30 in Gut<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n AMA Announces Initiative to Reinvent Physician Training<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 30, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The American Medical Association (AMA) today announced a new $15 million competitive grant initiative, the “Reimagining Residency” initiative, aimed at improving residency training.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Community Health Worker Intervention Beneficial<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 30, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A standardized community health worker (CHW)-delivered intervention, Individual Management for Patient-Centered Targets, improves patient-perceived quality of care and reduces hospitalizations for low-income patients with chronic diseases, according to a study published online Oct. 22 in JAMA Internal Medicine<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Health Officers Express Concerns About Vaccine Exemptions<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — After the passage of Senate Bill 277 (SB277) in California, which eliminated nonmedical vaccine exemptions for school entry, health officers and immunization staff reported concerns including an increase in medical exemptions, according to a study published online Oct. 29 in Pediatrics<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial<\/a><\/p>\n Low Levels of Flu Reported in U.S. From May to October<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From May 20 to Oct. 13, 2018, low levels of influenza activity were reported in the United States, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Many Hospitals Noncompliant With Record Request Regulations<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Among top-ranked U.S. hospitals, data reveal discrepancies in information provided to patients regarding medical records release processes as well as noncompliance with state and federal regulations, according to a study published online Oct. 5 in JAMA Network Open<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n In Complicated UTI, Cefiderocol Noninferior to Imipenem-Cilastin<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 29, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For complicated urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens, the siderophore cephalosporin cefiderocol is non-inferior to imipenem-cilastatin, according to a study published online Oct. 25 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Prior-Season Vaccination Does Not Curb Flu Shot Effectiveness<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 26, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Prior-season vaccination is not associated with reduced vaccine effectiveness (VE) among children aged 2 to 17 years, according to a study published online Oct. 26 in JAMA Network Open<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial<\/a><\/p>\n Trump Administration Announces Plan to Cut Drug Prices<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 26, 2018 (HealthDay News) — In an effort to cut high drug costs, the prices paid by Medicare for certain prescription drugs would be based on those in other advanced industrial nations, according to a proposal announced Oct. 25 by the Trump administration.<\/p>\n HHS Study<\/a><\/p>\n New York Times<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n High-Coverage Rollout of PReP Tied to Drop in HIV Diagnoses<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 26, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A rapid, targeted, high-coverage rollout of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is associated with a decrease in HIV diagnoses among high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM), according to a study published online Oct. 17 in The Lancet<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Pneumococcal Vaccine Recs Cause Confusion Among Docs<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — While primary care physicians overwhelmingly recommend pneumococcal vaccines, there is a gap in their knowledge of how to implement related vaccine recommendations, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Infant HIV Infection Ups Risk for Congenital CMV Infection<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — HIV-exposed infants have high rates of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection, and in utero HIV infection seems to be a major risk factor for cCMV, according to a study published in the October issue of The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Pace of Change Has Accelerated in Alternative Payment Models<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The impact of alternative payment models (APMs) on physician practices has been described in a study published by the RAND Corp. and the American Medical Association.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Nearly Half of Children Seen in ED for Bronchiolitis Get Radiography<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 25, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Despite guideline recommendations to the contrary, nearly half of children seen in the emergency department for bronchiolitis receive radiography, according to a research letter published online Oct. 16 in the Journal of the American Medical Association<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Algorithm-Defined Tx Duration Non-Inferior in Staph Bacteremia<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For patients with staphylococcal bacteremia, an algorithm that defines treatment duration results in a non-inferior rate of clinical success compared with usual care, according to a study published in the Sept. 25 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n 7 Children Dead From Adenovirus Outbreak in New Jersey<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — New Jersey health officials on Wednesday confirmed the deaths of seven children after infection with an adenovirus.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Article from The Record<\/i> (Bergen County)<\/a><\/p>\n FDA Approves First New Influenza Drug in 20 Years<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For the first time in nearly two decades, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a new type of antiviral influenza drug.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Hispanics With HIV Face Higher Risk for HPV-Related Cancer<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — HIV-infected Hispanics have an increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers than Hispanics in the general population, according to a study published online Oct. 22 in Cancer<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n High-Dose Flu Vaccine May Cut Hospitalization in Dialysis Patients<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Receipt of the high-dose influenza vaccine in 2016 to 2017 was associated with lower rates of hospitalization among dialysis patients, according to a study published online Oct. 23 in the Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Most Supplements Contain Prohibited Stimulants<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 24, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Many supplements contain one or more stimulants that have been the subject of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-issued public notices, according to a research letter published online Oct. 22 in JAMA Internal Medicine<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editor’s Note (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n White House Unveils New Insurance Option for Small Firms<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A plan to allow small businesses to use tax-free accounts to provide health coverage for employees was announced today by the Trump administration.<\/p>\n AP News<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Advance Care Planning Lowers Symptoms in Teens With HIV<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 23, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Family-centered pediatric advance care planning (FACE pACP) is associated with a lower likelihood of symptoms and suffering for adolescents with HIV, according to a study published online Oct. 19 in Pediatrics<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Postnatal Education Increases Pain Relief Use at Vaccinations<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 22, 2018 (HealthDay News) — In-hospital postnatal education about infant pain management at vaccinations leads to more frequent use of pain relief interventions, according to a study published online Oct. 22 in CMAJ<\/i>, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Variability in Geographic Availability of New Antibiotics<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 19, 2018 (HealthDay News) — There is considerable variability in the geographic availability of antibiotics, according to a study published online Oct. 16 in PLOS ONE<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n CDC: Vaccination Rates More Than 95 Percent for Kindergartners<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 19, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Overall vaccination coverage is high among the nation’s kindergarten students, according to research published in the Oct. 12 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n CDC: First U.S. Case of Rat-Borne Andes Virus Diagnosed<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 19, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The first confirmed U.S. case of a virus carried by South American rodents occurred earlier this year, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says.<\/p>\n CNN<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n CDC Case Report<\/a><\/p>\n 2014 to 2016 Saw 470 Percent Increase in HIV PrEP Use in U.S.<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 19, 2018 (HealthDay News) — From 2014 to 2016 there was an increase in the annual number of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users in the United States, although only about 7 percent of those with indications for PrEP were prescribed PrEP in 2016, according to research published in the Oct. 18 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Bioinformatics Tool Can ID Source of Bloodstream Pathogens<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 19, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A streamlined bioinformatics tool can match bloodstream pathogens to a candidate source, according to a study published online Oct. 15 in Nature Medicine<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n HPV Vaccination Not Tied to Risky Sexual Behavior in Teen Girls<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Implementation of a school-based human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination program in Canada did not lead to an increase in sexual risk-taking behaviors among adolescent girls, according to a study published in the Oct. 15 issue of CMAJ<\/i>, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Sharp Drop in U.S. Life Expectancy Rankings by 2040<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The United States will have the largest drop in life expectancy rankings of all high-income countries by 2040, a new study says.<\/p>\n CNN<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial<\/a><\/p>\n WHO: Congo Ebola Outbreak Not a Global Emergency<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The latest Ebola outbreak in Congo is not yet severe enough to be declared a global emergency, the World Health Organization decided after a meeting of experts yesterday.<\/p>\n AP News<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Clostridium difficile<\/i> Spores Survive Laundering of Sheets<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 17, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Clostridium difficile<\/i> spores are able to survive laundering through a commercial washer extractor, according to a study published online Oct. 16 in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Procurement Requirements Drive Interoperability in Health Care IT<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Interoperability of health care information technology (IT) must be improved to facilitate creation of a fully integrated health care system that can improve health and health care at lower cost, according to a report published by the National Academy of Medicine.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Limited Evidence for OTC Preps to Treat Nasal Symptoms of Colds<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Limited evidence is available for over-the-counter (OTC) treatments for nasal symptoms of the common cold, according to a report published online Oct. 10 in The BMJ<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n CDC: Many Pregnant Women Not Receiving Immunizations<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 18, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Many pregnant women are not getting recommended vaccinations, with less than half of those pregnant during the peak influenza vaccination period in 2017 to 2018 reporting being vaccinated before or during their pregnancy, according to research published in the Sept. 28 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n CDC Warns of Salmonella<\/i> Illnesses Linked to Raw Chicken<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 17, 2018 (HealthDay News) — The number of people sickened in a Salmonella<\/i> outbreak linked to raw chicken products now stands at 92 people in 29 states, U.S. health officials said today.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Giving Flu Shots in Pharmacies Could Up Vaccination Coverage<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Administering influenza vaccines through pharmacies in addition to traditional locations can increase vaccination coverage in the event of an epidemic, according to a study published online Oct. 16 in Vaccine<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Seven-Day Metronidazole Better for Trichomoniasis Tx in Women<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 17, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A seven-day dose of metronidazole is associated with a reduced likelihood of being Trichomonas vaginalis<\/i>-positive at test-of-cure compared with single-dose treatment, according to a study published online Oct. 5 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n CDC Warns of Polio-Like Virus Striking More U.S. Children<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 16, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A rare but devastating polio-like virus appears to have made itself at home in the United States, partially paralyzing hundreds of children.<\/p>\n HealthDay<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n More Information: CDC<\/a><\/p>\n Without Medicaid Expansion, Poor Patients Forgo Medical Care<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Doing without medical care is much more common among low-income residents of states that have not expanded Medicaid than among low-income people in other states, according to a Government Accountability Office report.<\/p>\n AP News<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n Number of Children Not Receiving Vaccines Slightly Increased<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Overall, vaccine coverage for children aged 19 to 35 months remained high and stable from 2013 to 2017; however, a small, but growing number of children received no vaccinations, according to research published in the Oct. 12 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Population Density, Structure Impact Length of Flu Season<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Population density and structure may impact the length of the influenza season regardless of climatic conditions, according to a study published in the Oct. 5 issue of Science<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Active Pharmaceuticals ID’d in >700 Dietary Supplements <\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Dietary supplements often include active pharmaceuticals, even after warnings from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, according to a study published online Oct. 12 in JAMA Network Open<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial<\/a><\/p>\n Hospitalization Tied to Brain Abnormalities in Older Adults<\/font><\/p>\n MONDAY, Oct. 15, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Hospitalization is associated with lower white matter integrity among older adults, according to a study published online Sept. 24 in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Flu Vaccine Cuts Hospitalization Rates in Pregnant Women<\/font><\/p>\n FRIDAY, Oct. 12, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Among pregnant women, the flu vaccination is effective at reducing the risk for flu-related hospitalizations, according to a study published online Oct. 11 in Clinical Infectious Disease<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Nine Cases of Polio-Like Illness Suspected in Children in Illinois<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 11, 2018 (HealthDay News) — Nine recent cases of a rare, polio-like disorder in children are being investigated in Illinois, health officials said yesterday.<\/p>\n CNN<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n More Information: CDC<\/a><\/p>\n Low Recurrence With Shortened IV Abx Course in GBS Bacteremia<\/font><\/p>\n THURSDAY, Oct. 11, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For infants with uncomplicated, late-onset group B Streptococcus<\/i> (GBS) bacteremia, a shortened intravenous (IV) course of antibiotic therapy is sometimes prescribed and is associated with low rates of disease recurrence and treatment failure, according to a study published online Oct. 11 in Pediatrics<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Editorial (subscription or payment may be required)<\/a><\/p>\n Aetna-CVS Merger Approved<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 10, 2018 (HealthDay News) — A $69 billion merger between health insurer Aetna and pharmacy manager CVS Health has been approved, according to the U.S. Justice Department.<\/p>\n The New York Times<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n Retention in HIV Care Drops Steadily After Prison Release<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 10, 2018 (HealthDay News) — For criminal justice-involved persons living with HIV (PLWH), sustained retention in care decreases over time post-release, according to a study published online Oct. 9 in PLOS Medicine<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n Hand Hygiene Program Beneficial for Day Care Centers<\/font><\/p>\n WEDNESDAY, Oct. 10, 2018 (HealthDay News) — An educational and hand hygiene program involving hand sanitizer can reduce the risk for respiratory infections (RI) for children attending day care centers (DCCs), according to a study published online Oct. 8 in Pediatrics<\/i>.<\/p>\n Abstract\/Full Text<\/a><\/p>\n FDA Approves HPV Vaccine for People Through Age 45<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 9, 2018 (HealthDay News) — U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of the Gardasil 9 human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been expanded to include people ages 27 through 45, the agency said in a news release.<\/p>\n More Information<\/a><\/p>\n Flea-Borne Typhus Outbreak in Los Angeles County<\/font><\/p>\n TUESDAY, Oct. 9, 2018 (HealthDay News) — An outbreak of flea-borne typhus in Los Angeles County has so far resulted in 57 cases, including 20 in Pasadena and nine in downtown Los Angeles, public health officials say.<\/p>\n CNN<\/i> Article<\/a><\/p>\n